11.1 - The Early Cold War

Europe in the 1940s

• Eastern Bloc
  • Led by the USSR
  • Socialist policies
• Western Bloc
  • Led by the US
  • Capitalist policies
• First World
  • Industrialized economies
  • Open market
• Second World
  • Industrialized
  • State-run market
• Third World
  • Non-industrialized nations
• Yugoslavia
  • Independent Socialist state
• Marshall Plan
  • named after George Marshall
  • Offered US aid ($20 Billion today) to many struggling European economies
• Berlin Blockade
  • Soviets blocked land access to East Berlin
• Berlin Airlift
  • Westerners supplied Berlin with food after Soviets cut off land access
• NSC-68
  • National security council report
  • Called for a military build up during peace time
  • Points towards peaceful resolution
• Harry S. Truman
  • President when NSC-68 was adopted

Asia

• Douglas MacArthur
  • Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers
• Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP)
  • Douglas MacArthur
• Hirohito (Shōwa Emperor)
  • Forced to renounce his divinity
• Japanese Peace Constitution
  • Constitution renounces war as a national right
• Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi)
  • Nationalist leader in China
• Mao Zedong
• Marshall Mission
• Chinese Civil War
  • Nationalist vs Communists
  • Communists win
• Taiwan
• Kim Il Sung
• Korean War

Europe in the 1950s and 1960s

• Hungarian Uprising (1956)
  • Going against socialist government
• Berlin Wall (1961)
  • East Germany builds a wall to stem the flow of defectors
• John F. Kennedy
  • JFK visits West Berlin in 1963
• Prague Spring
  • Czechoslovakia implements liberalizing reforms
  • Lifts censorship laws
  • Soviet Union invades
    • USSR socialism was restored
• Gulags
  • Soviet prison camps
  • Reeducate citizens about socialism