Unit 1

1.2

• Christopher Columbus
  • Italian explorer (worked for Spain)
  • Lead the way into colonization
• Jared Diamond
• domestication (of plants and animals)
• Eurasian predominance (due largely to geography)
  • Geography: best suited for agricultlure
    • Wheat and barely in the fertile crescent
    • Proximity to domesticable animals
      • Cow
      • Horse
      • Pig
      • Sheep
      • Goat
      • African animals are less able to be domesticated
    • East-west orientation
      • Plants that grow well in one place grow well in another due to similar latitude
      • Americas & africa have a North/South orientation, making them less able to observe this phenomenon
• Scarcity
  • there just wasn't a lot of stuff
  • most people didn't have a lot
• Unfree labor
  • lack of autonomy for most workers
  • serfdom
  • slavery
  • no control over where, who, and what happened where they worked
• Lack of mobility
  • most people only traveled a few miles from where they were born
• Restricted roles and autonomy for women
  1.3
• Afonso de Albuquerque
  • Viceroy of Portuguese
  • Skilled military commander
  • 1453 – 16 December 1515
  • Expanded Portuguese influence in the Indian Ocean
• James Cook
  • Not until 1750s
  • British Cartographer
  • Made maps of Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii
• Cristóvão da Gama
  • Son of Vasco
  • Went to Ethiopia to help them fight Muslims
  • Captured in one of the last battles and executed
• Vasco da Gama
  • Portuguese explorer
  • Spice trader with arabs and china
  • went to India
• William Dampier
  • He sailed with pirates in order to reach new, unexplored regions of the world and left one of the first European accounts of Australia
• Ferdinand Magellan
  • Portuguese
  • Circumnavigation
• Georg Everard Rumpf (Rumphius)
  • Catalogued plants & animals in the spice islands
• Volta do mar
  • Practice of using the prevailing winds to get to places faster
• Zheng He
  • muslim
  • hajj
  • major voyages
    1.4
• Angola (Ndongo)
• Bantu migration
  • bantu people moved south from Cameroon
• Doña Beatriz (Kimpa Vita)
  • Kongo empire
  • Convert to Christianity
  • Experienced visions
  • Believed she was the reincarnation of Saint Anthony
  • Excommunicated and burned at the stake
• Ethiopia
  • Christian
  • Strong resistance to imperialism until 1937
  • Well developed
• Kingdom of Kongo
  • kings converted to christianity after meeting portuguese
• Queen Nzinga
  • Queen of Angola (Ndongo)
• Songhai Empire
  • west africa
• Swahili
  • Most spoken
• Walatta Petros
  • Led efforts to resist European Catholicism
  • Set up female-run churches
  • Ethiopian

Unit 2

2.1

• Aztec empire
• Hernán Cortes
• Doña Marina (Malintzin)
• smallpox
• Taino (Arawak)
  2.2
• Inca
• Manila galleons
• mita system
• Francisco Pizarro
  • Lead a Spanish Expedition to Peru
  • Trojan horsed & killed Incan elites
• Potosí
• sugar
• Doña Teresa
  • A beautiful 15 year old
  • Her parents kept her super restricted
• Treaty of Tordesillas
  2.3
• criollos
  • People born in the Carribean
• Olaudah Equiano
  • man who wrote a famous biography detailing his experiences as a slave and free man
• mestizo/métis
  • Mixed
  • Offspring of native American and European
• mulattoes
  • Children of European and African people
• peninsulares
  • People born on the Iberian peninsula
• quilombos
  • Settlement of Africa people in Brazil
• Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
  • A nun from Mexico City
  • Today, she is recoginzed as one of the great Spanish-Speaking poets
  • She was a secluded nun but was also a great philosopher
  • Some considered her beliefs to be heresy or borderline heresy
  • She built up a library of 4000 books
  • She was good friends with the marquis of Laguna
    • When they left, she was forced to renounce her writings
  • She died in 1695 after caring for her sisters in the convent during an epidemic
• Virgin of Guadalupe

Unit 3

3.1 - Ottoman Empire

• Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya)
  • A Justinian cathedral turned mosque
  • In Istanbul
• Hajj (pilgrimage)
  • Make a trip to Mecca
• Hürrem Sultana (Roxelana)
  • Suleyman's favorite Consort
  • She was politcaly powerful
  • Helped expand the empire
• Islam
• Janissaries
  • Young Christian boys who were conscripted to fight in the Ottoman empire
  • Forced to convert to Islam
• Ottoman Empire
  • Muslim
• Süleyman the Magnificent
  • 1500s
  • Great military empire
  • Significantly expanded the empire
  • Siege of Vienna
    • Almost got in, very impressive
  • Tanistry
    • No clearly designated successor
    • Violent competition for power
  • The lawgiver
    • made a ton of little laws
      3.2
• Akbar
  • 1556-1600
  • Helped expand the Mughal empire through military conquest
  • Unity and tolerance
  • "Divine faith"
• Aurangzeb
  • Later Mughal emperor (1650-1700)
  • Much more strict & less tolerant
  • Conquered much more of India
  • Promoted Islam at the expense of all other faiths
  • Hindu temples destroyed and replaced with mosques
  • Led to opposition
• Mahd-e Olya
  • Respectful title for mothers of Safavid Shahs
• Mughal Empire
• Nur Jahan
  • Favorite wife of Shah Jahan
  • Buried in the Taj Mahal
• Safavid Empire
  • present day Iran
• Shah Mosque
  • Massive beautiful cathedral
  • Located in Ifashan (capital)
• Shiism
  • Believed in 12 important Imams
• Taj Mahal
  • Shrine/burial of Shah Jahan's favorite wife
    3.3
• Buddhism
  • Originated in Nepal and northern India
  • Four noble truths
  • Suffering and attachments
• Confucianism
  • Humanistic focus
  • Focus on roles & relations
    • Very patriarchal
  • Meritocracy
  • Focus on education
• Daoism
  • Limitation on language
  • Founded by Loazi
  • Inaction
• First Great East Asian War
• Foot binding
• Great Wall of China
• Jesuits
• Kangxi
  • Emperor of China from 1661 - 1722
• Manchus
  • From Manchuria
  • Machu queue
  • Shave front half of heads
  • Wear it long & braided in the back
• Ming Dynasty
  • Second to last dynasty
  • Zheng He
  • Built the Great wall of china
  • Footbinding became widespread during the Ming
  • China became part of the world geography
  • New world crops transformed cuisine
  • Sweet potato & peanuts increased population
  • Exports -- silk & porcelain
  • China was the silver sink
• Qing Dynasty
  • Ruled by the Manchus
  • Multi ethnic empire (China+)
  • Qialong Emperor
    • Golden Age
    • Ruled over expansion of dynasty
    • Prosperity
    • Declared a land-tax holiday
  • High standard of living

Unit 4

4.1

• Alternate Attendance (sankin-kōtai)
  • Each Daimyo would spend half the time at home
  • The other half in Edo
• Daimyo
• First Great East Asian War
• "Floating Worlds" (ukiyo)
  • Entertainment centers
  • Theater
  • Sumo
  • Geisha
• Jesuits
  • Francis Xavier was expelled
  • Christianity was persecuted
• Tokugawa Shogunate
  4.2
• absolute monarchies
• constitutional states
• Lisbon Earthquake
• Little Ice Age
  • Late 16th and early 17th centuries experienced very cold temps
  • Danube ran dry in Budapest
• Louis XIV
• Martin Luther
• Peace of Westphalia
  • came at the end of the 30 years war
• Protestant Reformation
• Spanish Armada
• Versailles
• witch hunts
  4.3
• capitalism
• Émilie du Châtelet
  • very smart
  • translated the works of Isaac Newton into French
• enlightenment
• Galileo Galilei
• Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
• Isaac Newton
• Nicolaus Copernicus
• protoindustrialization
• Scientific Revolution