Hardy-Weinberg Theorem

Allele frequencies will remain stable in populations when:

• Large size

• Random mating

• No migration

• No mutation

• No natural selection

• Also provides a means of what will happen if assumptions are violated

HW Theorem is expressed as an equation

• $p$ and $q$ are alleles of a gene
• Let $p$ = dominant alleles (A)
• Let $q$ = recessive alleles (a)
• $p+q=1$

$p+q=1$
$p^2+2pq+q^2=1$